圣诞节的传说由来

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  所以,你们要去使万民作我的门徒,奉父、子、圣灵的名给他们施洗(或作“给他们施洗,归于父、子、圣灵的名”)。                ――太28:19
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说说圣诞节的起源
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  眼下又将迎来充满欢乐与温馨的圣诞节。说起“圣诞”,我们总会将其与普世欢腾的气氛联系起来。对基督徒来说,这种喜悦来自上帝的圣子道成肉身给世界带来的平安和拯救;对非基督徒来说,圣诞之所以是一个开心的节日,乃是因为在这个节日里人们可以收获友情、亲情和爱情。圣诞已经不再是专属于某一个宗教的节日了。当今,可以说是人们敞开胸怀来接受这个节日,毕竟,在人间多一份喜乐总是好事。
  但是,如果我们翻开圣经来查看早期教会的活动记录时,我们就会发现在使徒时代的教会,人们对纪念耶稣的诞生并不热衷,反而更关注于耶稣基督的复活(参林前15∶1-8),而在圣经当中也并没有关于耶稣诞生的具体年月日期的记载。那么,每年12月25日的圣诞节又怎么成为普世教会重要的节日进而风靡世界的呢?对这个问题的探讨将把我们带入基督教早期那富有创意与开放心胸的信仰传统中。
  首先提到耶稣的诞生,人们都会想到“公元”纪年法,因为这个纪年法在公元6世纪由修道士戴尼修提出来,就是将耶稣的诞生之年作为公元元年,而戴尼修推算这一年就是当时使用的罗马纪年的第753年,也就是我国东汉平帝元始元年。但是后来的教会学者大多质疑这种推算的准确性。一个很明显的依据就是,按照历史,当日在罗马统治下做所谓分封王的希律是在公元前4年死的,而在马太福音第二章提及这个希律的残暴行径,他为根除来自大卫家的弥赛亚,约在耶稣诞生半年之后,在伯利恒及其周边屠杀两岁以内的婴孩,这可以证明耶稣一定诞生于希律尚未死去之前至少半年以上,那就应该在公元前4年到5年了,那就是耶稣约诞生在公元前4年左右,而这个推断现在被大多数学者所接受。
  关于耶稣诞生的日期的讨论,则更加令人玩味。首先,如果我们接受耶稣是诞生在12月25日的话,那么与伯利恒野地里的牧羊人有关的记载就会令人怀疑,因为很难令人想象当时的牧人在半夜还会在天寒地冻的野地放羊。《路加福音》第二章的记载给人的感觉更像是在春分或秋分前后。所以教会历史上历来有人对圣诞定于12月25日心存怀疑。及至十七世纪英国清教徒当政之时,清教徒政府更以圣诞节没有圣经根据为由,在英国禁止举行圣诞庆祝。当时的英国政府派出呼号队(Criers)穿街走巷,大声喊叫:“没有圣诞节(No Christmas)。”政府命令原本习惯在圣诞期间歇业的店肆一律照常营业,使得全国人民因为缺少圣诞的喜庆而变得郁郁寡欢。直至今日,在普世基督教内,仍有些宗派信徒坚持不过圣诞。当然,对于特殊的宗派特点,人们不必强求一律,但是在历史上教会之所以定立圣诞的日期,却并不能用一句“人的遗传,尽可废除”来解释。
  其实,在公元四世纪前,教会并未规定圣诞为基督徒应守的节日。到了四世纪,情况就有所不同,当时的教会,异端马西昂主义肆虐一时,该异端偏重基督的神性,忽略基督的人性,甚而否认耶稣有肉身,认为他不会真正地死在十字架上。在当时正统的信仰观点看来,如果放任此异端,则将使人对基督的十架救恩产生疑问。因此,为了确立正统信仰,反击异端侵袭,当时的西方教会就规定一个节期来特别庆祝耶稣的诞生,以此表明耶稣基督是有肉身的,且由女人所生。然而提到定立日期,当时的各教会则莫衷一是,有的守3月5日,有的守6月6日。之所以后来西方教会首先提出以12月25日为圣诞节,对其原因的探索却也发人深思。
  原来在北半球各宗教系统里,存在一个有趣的“12月25日”现象,那一天是很多宗教的大节日。熟悉天文历法的人士知道这一情况与太阳的运行有关。对于北半球特别是地中海区域以及西南亚和北非地区来说,12月25日前后是人们可以感受到的太阳移动的转折点,俗称冬至。在那日,对这些地区来说,由于太阳直射南回归线,所以当地昼短夜长的情况达到顶点,这日之后,太阳逐渐北移,在当地白昼时间逐渐延长,黑夜时间逐渐缩短,给人的感觉是经过此夜,太阳逐渐长大,强壮起来。所以在西南亚的古老宗教――密特拉教,将此日定为光明之神密特拉斯的祭日,信徒在此日大肆庆祝光明之神的诞生;而在埃及,古埃及人也将此日定为太阳神何鲁斯的生日。此风尚也传到当时罗马帝国的首都罗马,罗马人将12月25日定为太阳神节,公元274年,罗马皇帝奥勒留更下诏尊“太阳神”为帝国的“主神”,尊称太阳为“无敌的太阳”。在这个节日中,罗马人生活放荡不羁、凶残嗜血的性格在节日的庆祝仪式活动中完全显露出来,为当时的基督徒所不齿。在基督徒看来,唯有耶稣基督才是“真正的太阳”;他从死里复活,摧毁了死亡的力量,他才是“无敌”的。公元313年,君士坦丁皇帝给予基督教合法地位,并鼓励用基督教来改良罗马堕落败坏的社会文化时,教会就于公元325年在尼西亚会议中决定以每年的12月25日为耶稣诞生的纪念日。五年之后,君士坦丁皇帝决定,整个罗马帝国境内在12月25日不再举行纪念太阳神的仪式,而是把该日作为耶稣降生的纪念日来庆祝。公元381年,皇帝狄奥多西一世在普世教会的第二次君士坦丁堡大公会议上,以文件的形式确立此日的意义。就这样,一个原本是敬拜偶像、荒淫作恶、纵欲狂欢的日子,改变成为敬神爱人,纪念救主诞生的圣日;而原本西方教会内部对此问题莫衷一是的局面也彻底地改变了。
  与此同时,在东方教会(即在地中海东岸说希腊语的教会)也几乎基于同样理由确立了他们纪念耶稣基督诞生的日子――1月6日。原本这一天是当地的冬至节期,且按照当地的宗教习俗,认为该日是诸神显现,聆听恳求的日子。因为当地的政府有一习惯,就是一年一次派官员寻访希腊各地,巡察民情,听取申诉。当地将这一活动叫做“显现”(Epiphany),而民众认为诸神也在1月6日“显山露水”,听取百姓的哀恳。不但如此,1月6日还是掌管五谷、果园的酒神狄奥尼索斯的生日,据希腊神话相传,他是由童贞女所生。由上可见,东方教会的基督徒将1月6日定为纪念耶稣诞生的日子,与该日子所蕴含的天文、政治以及宗教意义有紧密的关系。当地的基督徒之所以拣选此日,一方面是为了抗拒排斥其他宗教的影响,另一方面也表现出基督徒坚信唯有基督才是真光的信仰,因为基督徒相信唯有基督是童女所生,可以将上帝显明出来(参约1∶18),上帝的荣光藉着他显现在世界上。四世纪中叶之后,东方教会的圣诞庆祝传统传到西方教会,但因西方教会已经定12月25日为圣诞,所以西方教会十分有创意地将这一节日原本的政治宗教含义与福音书中东方博士来朝见圣婴的记载相结合,设定此日来纪念东方博士朝见圣婴,以此来宣扬耶稣基督向其他民族的显现,教会节期中的“显现节”即源于此。此后教会传统将对耶稣诞生的纪念限定至来年1月6日的显现节为止。
  圣诞节究竟在哪一天,圣经的确没有记载,但基督既为人子,必然有其诞降的日子。我们今天遵循教会传统过圣诞节,为的是纪念和经受道成肉身所带来的“恩典和真理”。其实,圣诞节究竟哪一天,并不重要,重要的是那一天主为我们而降生的意义。12月25日原来是一个怎样的日子,其实也不重要,重要的是我们已将这日子更新为敬拜独一真神的日子。正如保罗在雅典神庙将人们的眼光从“未识之神”之偶像前引向“又真又活的神”一样。当今天我们普天同庆圣诞之时,让我们不要过于注重形式上的热闹,而是关注圣诞所带给世界的意义。
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圣诞节的起源英文版
  The name Christmas is short for &Christ's Mass&. A Mass is a kind of Church service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus. There are special christmas services in Christian churches all over the world. But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything to do with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are the modern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the world.
  The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgin's name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
  Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quirnius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to bedelivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
  And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody know the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
  &圣诞节&这个名称是&基督撒&的缩写。撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。耶诞 诞节是一个宗教节。我们把它当作耶苏的诞辰砬熳#蚨置凇U庖惶欤澜缢械幕浇袒岫季傩刑e的礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教并无半点关联。交换礼物,寄圣诞卡,这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。
  圣诞节是基督教世界最大的节日。4世纪初,1月6日是罗马帝国东部各教会纪念那稣降生和受洗的双重节日、称为&主显节&Epiphany,亦称&显现节&即上帝通过那稣向世人显示自己。当时只有那路拉冷的教会例外,那里只纪念耶稣的诞生而不纪念那稣的受洗。后来历史学家们在罗马基督徒习用的日历中发现公元 354年12月25日页内记录着:&基督降生在犹大的伯利恒。&经过研究,一般认为12月25日伴为圣诞节可能开始于公元336年的罗马教会)约在公元375年传到小亚细亚的安提阿,公元 430年传到埃及的亚历山大里亚,那路撒冷的教会接受得最晚,而亚美尼亚的教会则仍然坚持1月6日主显节是那稣的诞辰。12月25日原来是波斯太阳神(即光明之神)密特拉(Mithra)的诞辰,是一个异教徒节日,同时太阳神也是罗马国教众神之一。这一天又是罗马历书的冬至节,崇拜太阳神的异教徒都把这一天当作春天的希望,万物复苏的开始。可能由于这个原因,罗马教会才选择这一天作为圣诞节。这是教会初期力
  图把异教徒的习惯基督教化的措施之一。后来,虽然大多数教会都接受12月25日为圣诞节,但又固各地教会使用的历书不同,具体日期不能统一,于是就把12月24日到第二年的1月6日定为圣诞节节期(Christmas Tide),各地教会可以根据当地具体情况在这段节期之内庆祝圣诞节。自从12月25日被大多数教会公认为圣诞节后,原来1月6日的主显节就只纪念耶稣受洗了,但天主教会又把1月6日定为&三王来朝节&,以纪念耶稣生时东方三王(即三位博士)来朝拜的故事。随着基督教的广泛传播,圣诞节已成为各教派基督徒,甚至广大非基督徒群众的一个重要节日。在欧美许多国家里,人们非常重视这个节日,把它和新年连在一起,而庆祝活动之热闹与隆重大大超过了新年,成为一个全民的节日。12月25日的主要纪念活动都与那稣降生的传说有关。
  耶苏的出生是有一段故事的,耶苏是因着圣灵成孕,由童女马利亚所生的。神更派遣使者加伯列在梦中晓谕约瑟,叫他不要因为马利亚未婚怀孕而不要她,反而要与她成亲,把那孩子起名为&耶苏&,意思是要他把百姓从罪恶中救出怼
  当马利亚快要临盆的时候,罗马政府下了命令,全部人民到伯利恒务必申报艏T忌吐砝侵缓米衩K堑酱锊闶保焐鸦瑁弈瘟饺宋茨苷业铰霉荻伤蓿挥幸桓雎砼锟梢鹤 >驮谶@时,耶苏要出生了!於是马利亚唯有在马槽上,生下耶苏。后人为纪念耶苏的诞生,便定十二月二十五为圣诞节,年年望撒,纪念耶苏的出世。
  圣诞节便是於十二月二十五日纪念耶苏的诞生,但真实的诞生日就]有人知道了。十九世o,圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现,圣诞节也开始流行起砹恕咨询电话:400-600-7270
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> 圣诞节的由来 英文版
圣诞节的由来 英文版
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  圣诞节即将到来,对于很多英语爱好者圣诞节的由来是大家比较关心的。以下就为童鞋们整理出来了有关圣诞节的由来英文版。学习一下吧。
  Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christs birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament.
  The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
  Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god-Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Years festival that lasted for 12 days.
  The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans.
  The Romans celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of Jo Saturnalia! the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places.
  Jo Saturnalia! was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians thought it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
  Some legends claim that the Christian Christmas celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianitys main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.
  The exact day of the Christ childs birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas.
  The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgins name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
  Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quirnius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
  And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody knows the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
  The custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on a special day in winter probably began in ancient Rome and northern Europe. In these regions, people gave each other small presents as part of their year-end celebrations.
  In the 1800s, two more Christmas customs became popular--decorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends. Many well-known Christmas carols, including Silent Night and Hark! The Herald Angels Sing, were composed during this period. In the United States and other countries, Santa Claus replaced Saint Nicholas as the symbol of gift giving.
  The word Xmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christs name. It was frequently used as a holy symbol
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  &&& 西方国家的圣诞大餐就相当于中国的年夜饭,丰盛美味。圣诞节吃火鸡是圣诞节大餐的特色,但你们知道吗?圣诞节大餐一开始并不是火鸡,而是烤鹅,那圣诞节吃火鸡是从什么时候开始盛行的呢?&&...
  对于圣诞贺卡的由来有多种说法,不过都大同小异,据说第一批圣诞贺卡是在1843年产生的,当时在英国有个叫亨高尔的十多岁青年,在一家雕刻店当学徒。圣诞节时,他因为忙,没时间给家人和朋友写信道贺,便切了一些白纸片,请一位很有名的画家,画上一家...
  &&& 每个国家都有自己的语言,对于每一个字、词的表达也不一样,圣诞节到了,看看以下20个国家的不同的&圣诞快乐&的说法吧,让你感受不一样的圣诞祝福。England(英国)-Happ...
  &&& 圣诞节最特色的装饰就是在圣诞树上挂好多漂亮的小礼物,圣诞树是圣诞节不可或缺的一种装饰品,我们好多人只知道圣诞节要有圣诞树,但你知道圣诞树是怎么来的吗?关于圣诞树的由来也有一个美丽的传说。1.据说大约...
  圣诞节是令人雀跃期待的日子,尤其是小孩子。可是大家对圣诞老公公的事都清楚吗?从前有一个老人,名叫尼古拉斯,他一生最爱帮助贫穷的人家。其中有一次他帮助三个贫穷的少后送他们三袋金子以逃过被卖的不幸。当尼古拉斯偷偷把其中一袋金子送给其中一名女...
  && 圣诞节堪称西方人的&春节&,在这一天,举国欢庆,来庆祝耶稣基督的诞生,在圣诞节,大部分的天主教教堂都会先在12月24日的耶诞夜,亦即12月25日凌晨举行子夜弥撒,而一些基督教会则会举行报...
  &&& &圣诞节快到了!我真希望能收到圣诞老爷爷的礼物!&我满怀期待地对妈妈说。妈妈笑嘻嘻地答道:&是呀!他会不会来呢?&&他会来的,我相信!&r...
  Merry Chiristmas Do you know? Origin of Chdstmas___圣诞由来 The name Christmas is short for&Christ&s Mass&rdqu...
  圣诞节圣诞袜的来历,传说有个心地善良的没落贵族,生活非常艰难。三个女儿快要出嫁了,他为没有钱给她们买嫁妆而难过。喜庆的圣诞夜,三个姑娘早早地蜷在炕上睡觉了,剩下父亲在长吁短叹。圣诞老人决定帮助他们。他在他们家的烟囱里撒下了许多金子,落进...
  在传统的圣诞餐桌上,烤火鸡是不可缺少的菜式。在一些亚洲国家,或许每年只有圣诞节这一天才吃火鸡,以庆祝佳节;但在欧美,尤其是美洲大陆,火鸡却是很普通的一种肉食,而且在感恩节和圣诞节这两个大日子,火鸡更是传统的食品。   火鸡是美洲特产,在...
  (一)  &圣诞节&这个名称是&基督弥撒&的缩写。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。圣诞节是一个宗教节日,我们把它当作耶稣的诞辰来庆祝,因而又名耶诞节。耶稣的出生是有一段故事的,耶稣是因着圣灵成孕...
  圣诞节就快到了,我把收藏了一年的喜气、福气、财气、瑞气、运气统统装进一个精美的盒子里,在圣诞节那天,让圣诞老人带去送给你,祝你圣诞快乐!浪漫圣诞在路途,八方祝福来送福:吉祥圣诞纳鸿福,圣诞大餐有口福,雪橇运礼载满福,圣诞老人来造福,平平...
  在这白色的季节里充满我短短的祝福。带着紫色的幸运带迎向未来美好的日子。君临在大地的祥和慈祥天空里的笑容。犹如幸福般的天使遗落在这人间天空。奉上一颗幸福的心,在这特别的日子里,愿幸福,如意,快乐,鲜花,一切美好的祝愿与你同在。圣诞快乐!有...
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