汤姆索耶的冒险的冒险心一刻也没有消失过。怎么改为疑问句?

六年级下册第四单元知识积累
六年级下册第四单元知识积累
一、文学常识
1.《卖火柴的小女孩》作者安徒生,丹麦作家。你还能写出他的几个童话名篇吗?____________________________
2.《凡卡》作者契诃夫,俄国作家。著名作品有《变色龙》《海鸥》《装在套子里的人》《万尼亚舅舅》等。
3.《鲁宾孙漂流记》的作者是迪福,英国作家,晚年开始发表海上冒险小说、流浪汉小说和历史小说,作品还有《辛格船长》《摩尔·弗兰德斯》《杰克上校》《一个骑士的回忆》。《鲁宾孙漂流记》的主人公是(&&&&
),他在荒岛上生活了(&
)年,被他解救并成为他的仆人的那个野人叫(&&&&
4.《汤姆·索亚历险记》是马克·吐温的四大名著之一。马克·吐温是美国著名小说家,世界著名的短篇小说大师,擅长使用幽默与讽刺手法。著名作品还有《乞丐王子》《跳蛙》《竞选州长》等。《汤姆·索亚历险记》的主人公是(&&&
),他是一个可爱的顽童,他的朋友有(
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
),他的同桌是(&&&
二、词语盘点
乖巧& 围裙& 硬币& 裂缝& 橱窗
饥饿& 礼拜& 生锈
昏暗& 眯缝& 耸肩& 一缕& 毒打
撇嘴& 欺负
冻僵& 逗笑& 窜过& 孤儿& 打搅
甜蜜& 圣诞树& 黑乎乎
笑眯眯& 无赖& 凶悍& 惨白& 救援& 淡忘& 忧郁& 起初
苦闷& 消极&
鱼贯而入& 满不在乎
三、日积月累
★正直是道德之本。& (埃及)
《平民史诗》&&&&
★眼泪无法洗去痛苦。(冰岛)拉克司内斯 《冰岛之钟》
★最伟大的见解是最朴实的。 (英国) 戈尔丁《蝇王》
★人是为了自己的希望才活着的。(苏联)肖洛霍夫《静静的顿河》
★守信是一种财宝,不应该随意虚掷。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(哥伦比亚)马尔克斯&
《百年孤独》
★使卵石臻于完美的,并非锤的击打,而是水的且歌且舞。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(印度) 泰戈尔 《飞鸟集》
★只有那些勇敢镇定的人,才能熬过黑夜,迎来光明。
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(危地马拉) 阿斯图里亚斯 《玉米人》
★一个人并不是生来要给打败的。你尽可以消灭他,可就是打不败他。&&&&&&&&&&
(美国) 海明威 《老人与》
四、课文主题
1.《卖火柴的小女孩》通过通过记叙一个卖火柴的小女孩在大年夜冻死街头的悲惨故事,揭露了资本主义社会的罪恶,表达了作者对小女孩不幸遭遇的深切同情。
重点句子理解:(1)“飞到那没有寒冷,没有饥饿,也没有痛苦的地方去了。”这句话是什么意思?(这句话是说小女孩在美妙的幻想中死去了。那个“没有寒冷,没有饥饿,也没有痛苦的地方”,只能是小女孩梦中的天堂。)(2)“她曾经多么幸福,跟着她奶奶一起走向新年的幸福中去。”对这句话中的两个“幸福”,你是怎样理解的?(第一个“幸福”指她曾经有过的幸福,就是她擦着火柴时出现的幻想,她在美丽的幻想中死去。第二个“幸福”指在新的一年里她幸福了,因为她摆脱了寒冷、饥饿、痛苦的生活,她死了。透过两个“幸福”,我们可以感受到作者压抑心头的满腔悲愤,感受到作者对穷苦人民给予的深切同情和对贫富悬殊的社会现实的强烈不满。)
2.《凡卡》通过凡卡给爷爷写信这件事,表现了沙皇统治下的俄国社会中穷苦儿童的悲惨命运,揭露了当时社会制度的黑暗。
3.《鲁宾孙漂流记》这篇课文由梗概和精彩片段两部分组成。
&梗概部分介绍了小说的主要内容:一位叫鲁宾孙的英国人,在一次航海中遇上大风,船翻了,他漂流到一个荒无人烟的小岛上。他战胜了重重困难,在孤岛上生活了28年,最终获救,回到英国。精彩片段部分主要写了鲁宾孙初到岛上的生活状态和面对现实的思考。&
通过这两部分介绍,表现了鲁宾孙不畏艰险、正视现实、乐观向上、顽强生存的精神品质。
4.鲁宾孙在荒岛上遇到了哪些困难?他是怎样克服的?
(1)没有住所。他在山坡上选择了一块有水源、有树荫、又可以防野兽的地方,用木头和船帆搭起一座简陋的帐篷。
(2)没有食物。他一边打猎,一边蓄养山羊,还用从沉船上搬来的一些麦子进行种植。(3)遇到野人。勇敢地与之战斗,救下了“星期五”。(4)遇到了叛乱。他平定了叛乱,救出了船长,返回了英国。
5.《汤姆·索亚历险记》这篇课文,梗概部分围绕“历险”,介绍了主人公汤姆五次历险过程。精彩片段讲述了汤姆和贝琪从迷路的山洞返回家后的故事。作品成功塑造了汤姆·索亚这个可爱的“顽童”形象。
6.汤姆是个怎样的孩子?
汤姆是个可爱的“顽童”,他有着鲜明的性格特点。
(1)喜欢冒险。正如梗概中所讲的,“汤姆的冒险心一刻也没有消失过”。(2)机灵顽皮。他是镇上的孩子头,每件事情都少不了他。好出鬼点子,而且遇到难题总能想出办法解决。(3)有正义感。虽然害怕凶悍的乔埃,但为了正义还是出庭为彼得作证。(4)讲义气。自己从山洞历险归来,十分疲惫,但听到小伙伴哈克病了,仍多次去探望。在山洞遇险时,能永不放弃生存希望,寻找出口,并常常鼓励好友贝琪。(5)爱表现自己。总喜欢在别人面前吹嘘自己探险的经历。
五、基础知识练习
1.“乖”音序查字法先查大写字母(&
),再查音节(&&
);部首查字法查部首(&
),再查(&
)画,组两个词是(&&&
)。“兜”音序查字法先查大写字母(&
),再查音节(&
);部首查字法查部首(&
),再查(&
)画,组两个词是(&&&
)。“币”音序查字法先查大写字母(&
),再查音节(&&
);部首查字法查部首(&
),再查(&
)画,组两个词是(&&&
)。“毒”音序查字法先查大写字母(&
),再查音节(&&
);部首查字法查部首(&
),再查(&
)画,组两个词是(&&&
)。“匣”音序查字法先查大写字母(&
),再查音节(&&
);部首查字法查部首(&
),再查(&
)画,组词是(&&&
2.找近义词
慈爱—( &&) 奇异—(&&
) 精致—(&&
) 舒服—(&&
强烈—(&&
)慈悲—(&&
) 模糊—(&&
) 打搅—(&&
) 甜蜜—(&&
) 欺负—(&&&
) 捉弄—(&&
) 畏惧—(&&&
)凄凉—(&&
) 安慰—(&&
) 简陋—(&&
) 野蛮—(&&
)忧郁—(&&
) 苦闷—(&&
) 本分—(&&
) 凶悍—(&&
) 央求—(&&
) 热切—(&&
) 嘲弄—(&&
) 吹嘘—(&&
)荒唐—(&&
)郑重其事—(&&&&&
&)臭味相同—(&&&&&&&
) 十全十美—(&&&&&&&&
3.找反义词
精致—(&&
) 舒服—(&&
) 奇异—(&&
) 强烈—(&&
)模糊—(&&
) 甜蜜—(&&
) 欺负—(&&
) 慈悲—(&&
畏惧—(&&
) 凄凉—(&&
) 安慰—(&&
) 简陋—(&&
)野蛮—(&&
) 忧郁—(&&
) 麻烦—(&&
) 苦闷—(&&
本分—(&&
) 凶悍—(&&
) 吹嘘—(&&
) 嘲弄—(&&
臭味相投—(&&&&&
十全十美—(&&&&&
已投稿到:
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点,不代表新浪网的观点或立场。汤姆的冒险心一刻也没有消失过。改为肯定句_百度知道
汤姆的冒险心一刻也没有消失过。改为肯定句
我有更好的答案
按默认排序
化简后得:冒险心
是否定句要改为肯定句应该从删除否定词且不改变句子原意着手。以下是我的改法。一刻也没有消失过=时刻存在(或时刻保持)汤姆的冒险心时刻存在(或保持)着。
是改为反问句吧,他已经是肯定的陈述句了。
汤姆的冒险心的确一刻也没有消失过。
汤姆的冒险心没有消失。
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>>>按要求完成下列各句。1. They think the computer is very usef..
按要求完成下列各句。1. They think the computer is very useful. (改为反意疑问句)&&&&They think the computer is very useful, _______ _______?2. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box. (改为同义句)&&&&It is impossible_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ such a heavy box.3. You shouldn't make noise while eating noodles. (改为同义句)&&&&You _______ _______ _______ make noise while eating noodles.4.&Henry never goes swimming in the river. (对画线部分提问)&&& _______ _______ does Henry go swimming in the river?5. Work hard, or you will not pass the exam. (改为同义句)&&& _______ you don't work hard, you won't _______ the exam.
题型:句型转换难度:中档来源:月考题
1. don't they&&2. for a child to lift 3. aren't supposed to&&4. How often&&5. If; pass
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“按要求完成下列各句。1. They think the computer is very usef..”主要考查你对&&反意疑问句,不定式,状语从句,固定搭配,疑问词组&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
反意疑问句不定式状语从句固定搭配疑问词组
反义疑问句:表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 反意疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1. 陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式可记为前肯后否。&2. 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式可记为前否后肯。 例如:This pencil is red, isn’t it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& This pencil isn’t red, is it? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 速记:前肯后否,前否后肯,前be后be,前无be后加助,时态一致。反意疑问句的回答:前肯后否,前否后肯,根据事实从后往前翻译。如:(1)They work hard,don’t they?他们努力工作,不是吗?Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they don't.不,他们工作不努力(2)They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don't. 是的, 他们工作不努力否定反义疑问句的回答当陈述部分为肯定式,反义疑问句为否定式时,其回答一般不会造成困难,一般只需照情况回答即可:"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is." “是新的,不是吗?”“是,是新的。”"He wants to go, doesn’t he?" "No, he doesn’t." “他想去,不是吗?”“不,他不想去。”此时,"Yes"即是,对前面"It's new."的肯定。回答反义疑问句的原则回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is."否定为“No,it isn't."由上述例子可知,反义疑问句回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。口诀:反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。实际情况来回答,再把yes和no拣。综上所述,反义疑问句回答就是按实际情况回答。对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例:—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。快速记忆表:陈述部分的谓语&& 疑问部分I/主语&& aren't I / are Ino,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词&& 肯定含义含有un-,in-.dis-,im-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,视为肯定含义&& 否定含义ought to(肯定的)&& shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语have to+v.(had to+v.)&& don't +主语(didn't +主语)used to+v.&& didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语had better + v.&& hadn't youwould rather + v.&& wouldn't +主语you'd like to + v.&& wouldn't +主语must&& 根据实际情况而定感叹句&& be +主语指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this&& 主语用it并列复合句&& 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定定语从句,宾语从句主从复合句&& 根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导&& 与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one&& 复数they, 单数he情态动词dare或need&& need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +主语dare, need 为实义动词&& do/don't +主语省去主语的祈使句&& will/won't you?Let's 开头的祈使句&& Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句&& Will you?there be&& 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)否定前缀不能视为否定词&& 仍用否定形式.反意疑问句19条:1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用用否定的助动词加sb/sth?如:1)What a fine day it is today!What a fine day it is today,isn“t it?2)How fast he runs!How fast he runs,doesn”t he?3)What a long time we have been waiting!What a long time we have been waiting ,haven“t we?12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you?当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?有些动词如:cost hurt hit put 等,它们的过去时与原型相同,在肯定句中一定要先弄清楚它们是什么时态.英语18种特殊的反意疑问句: 1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表 示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如:   &Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?    Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况:    1) Let's...后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如:    Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗?   &还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。    2) Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如:   &Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗?    2. 感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。 例如:    What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?   &3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问 句需用do的适当形式。例如:    He needs help, doesn't he? 他需要帮助,是吗?   &4. 陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或am't I ,而不是am not I (可 用a m I not)。例如:    I'm working now, am't I? 我在工作,是吗?    5. 陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:   &Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?    6. 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。 例如:    Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?    No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?    7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。 例如:    This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?    These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?    8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如:    One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?    9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not,& no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。 例如:   &He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?    10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:    && It is unfair, isn't it? 这不公平,是吧?    11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如:    You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?    12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。& 例如:    What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?    13. 当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:    I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?    14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。例如:    They had a meeting just now,didn't they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?    15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:    You have to water the vegetables every day, don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?    16. 陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there。例如:    There was a hospital here, wasn't there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?    17. 陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't。&例如:    We had better go to school at once, hadn't we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗? 18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't;而当must作推测意义“一定 是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式。例如:   &He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?    Tom must be at home,isn't he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?动词不定式:指由to加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:
(not) to do
(not)&to be done
(not) to have done
(not) to have been done
(not) to be doing
完成进行式
(not) to have been doing
&不定式的用法:1、不定式作主语 例如:To remember this is very important. 注意:为了避免头重脚轻,在许多情况下,通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部,而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如:It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语例如:He seems to be ill. 注意:不定式作表语主要有三种情况,一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式(尤其是to be),二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形,三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等,如:&You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如:I can not afford to buy a car. 注意:①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语,还可用作个别介词(but, except)的宾语。 例如:I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时,通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式,并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如:I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如:Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如:I have a question to ask you. 注意:有的名词(如way, chance, right等)后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如:It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt& courage& decision& effort& fortune& failure& invitation& wish 6、不定式作状语 例如:I went to France to learn French. 状语从句:指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。状语从句分类:1、时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2、地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3、原因状语从句常用引导词:because, since, as, for特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asMy friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4、目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5、结果状语从句常用引导词:so that, so… that, such … that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.6、条件状语从句常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWe'll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7、让步状语从句常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He won't listen whatever you may say.8、比较状语从句常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。9、方式状语从句常用引导词:as, as if, how特殊引导词:the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.状语从句用法:时间状语从句(1) when引导的时间状语从句 ①.when引导的时间状语从句,其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词,也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。如: when you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时,你必须递交你的有关证件。(同时) when the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时,他们都停止了讲话。(从句动作发生在前) ② when还可表示just then(正在那时,突然)的意思,此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。如: we were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身,突然天下起雨来。 The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。 (2) as引导的时间状语从句 as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的,而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作并相发生: We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。 It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过,星期日就会有点暖意了。 (3) while引导的时间状语从句 while表示“在某一段时间里”或“在……期间”,其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。如: When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时,学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。 I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。 (4) before引导的时间状语从句 ① before“在……之前” I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的导师出国之前,我已完成了我的学位论文。 I’ll be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。 ② before“……之后才” It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。 It was three days before I came back. 他三天后才回来。 (5) as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句 as soon as 是最常见的表示“一……就”的从属连词,其他连词还有once,directly,immediately,instantly,the instant (that),the minute(that) ,the moment(that)等,它们通常都可与as soon as换用。如: As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家,电话就响了。 I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。 Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来,大家就静了下来。 (6) hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句 关联从属连词hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是“刚……就”,它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。如: He had no sooner (no sooner had he)arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家,就又要他出另一次差。 No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 这些话刚一出口,他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。 (7) since引导的时间状语从句 在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时,主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时、过去完成时和一般现在时: We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后,这里发生了巨大变化。 (8) till/until引导的时间状语从句 till和until同义,作“直到……时(为止)”解,till多用于非正式文体,until多用于句首。如: Donald will remain in college until(till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。 I won’t go with you until(till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。 (9) whenever/each time/every time引导的时间状语从句 whenever在引导时间状语从句时作“每当;每次”解,each time和every time与whenever同义,通常可以与它换用。如: The roof leaks whenever it rains. 每逢下雨屋顶就漏雨。 Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together,heat is produced. 某些化学物质被混到一起时,就会产生热。 Whenever/ Every time/ Each time I met her, she was studying. 我每次看见她时,她总是在学习。 状语从句 - 地点状语从句(1) when引导的时间状语从句 从属连词where“在(或到)……的地方” Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。 ① where 在地点状语从句中,除指地点外,还可指处境等。如: He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。 It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。 ② 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。如: Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空,必要的地方可以改变其形式。 Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能,就要避免这种结构。 (2) wherever引导的地点状语从句 从属连词wherever“在(或到)……的各个地方”: You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。 Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家每到一处, 都受到热烈的欢迎。 Sit down wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。 状语从句 - 原因状语从句&(1) because引导的原因状语从句 because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。 I didn’t go abrord with her because I couldn’t afford it. 我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。 Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time. 不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。 (2) as引导的原因状语从句 as引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和since换用。如: As I didn’t know the way,I asked a policeman. 我不认识路,因而问警察。 As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪,我们不去爬山了。 (3) since引导的原因状语从句 since引导的原因状语从句所传递的通常是已知信息,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和as换用。如: Since traveling by air is much faster,they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。 Since you won’t help me ,I’ll ask someone else. 你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮忙。 (4) now(that)引导的原因状语从句 now(that)“因为;既然”,通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。如: Now(that) you?蒺ve passed your test you can drive on your own. 你既已考试合格,就可以独自开车了。 I do remember,now (that) you mention it. 你这一提,我倒的确想起来了。 (5) seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句 Seeing (that)“鉴于;由于”,通常用于非正式文体。如: Seeing (that) the weather is bad,we’ll stay at home. 天气不好,我们还是呆在家里吧。 Seeing that he’ s ill,he’s unlikely to come. (6) in that引导的原因状语从句 in that“因为;基于……的理由”,可以和because换用,多用于正式文体,它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。如: Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. 广告不同于其他交际形式,因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。 I’m in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th. 我的处境有点难堪,因为他要十号才来。 状语从句 - 目的状语从句&(1) in order that引导的目的状语从句 in order that“为了;以便”。多用于正式文体,通常可以与so that换用。如: You stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来,以便游览西湖。 The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢,以便人人听得懂。 (2) so (that)引导的目的状语从句 so that“为了;以便”。so that通常可以与in order that换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略that。如: Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚,他们才听得懂。 She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她要七点钟备好茶点,这样她八点以前就可以出门了。 (3) in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句 in case,for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的,意思是“以免”,“以防”。in case多用于英国英语,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式,也可以是虚拟语气形式;for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may,might,should等情态动词;lest用于正式文体,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。如: Take your umbrella with you,lest it should rain. 带上你的伞,以防下雨。 Take your umbrella in case it rains. 带上你的伞,以防下雨。 He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞,以防下雨。状语从句 - 结果状语从句(1) so that引导的结果状语从句 ① so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。如: Suddenly it began to rain heavily,so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨,几乎无法继续开车。 Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话,因而我知道她平安无事。 ②“so that”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句,除了根据句意来判断外,还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从句,如果从句中有情态动词,通常则为目的状语从句。如: They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train. 他们早早就出发了,所以没误火车。(结果状语从句) They started out early so that they would not miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句) (2) so...that引导的结果状语从句 so...that“如此……以致”,that在非正式文体中可以省略,so后面接形容词或副词。如: She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。 There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it latter. 现在剩下的时间不多了,我只好以后再给你讲这件事。 (3) such...that引导的结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是:such+a/an+形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数,也可以是不可数名词。such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如: The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write article in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快,不久就开始用中文写文章了。 The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed. (=The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.) 教授讲了个很有趣的故事,(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。 (4) such that引导的结果状语从句 such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体,主句为“主—系—表”句型。如: The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大,所有的窗户都被炸掉了。 His anger was such that he lost control of himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。状语从句 - 条件状语从句&(1) if引导的条件状语从句 if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见“虚拟语气”)和真实条件状语从句。如: If he said that,he can’t be telling the truth. 如果他说了那样的话,他不可能是说实话。 (2) unless引导的条件状语从句 unless引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。如: You’ll be late unless you hurry. 你会迟到的,如果不赶快的话。 (3) if only引导的条件状语从句 if only在引导条件状语从句时意为“只要;如果”。如: I’ll let you use the car if only you keep it in good condition. 只要你把车保养好,我就让你用。 (4) as/so long as引导的条件状语从句 as/so long as意为“只要;如果”。如: As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play. 只要不下雨我们就能玩。 (5) provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句 provided (that)/providing (that)意为“如果;只要”。如: I will agree to go provided’ providing (that my expense are paid.) 假如为我负担费用,我就同意去。 Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret. 状语从句 - 让步状语从句(1) although/though引导的让步状语从句 although和though,都作“虽然;尽管”解,通常可以换用,although的语气较重。如果要强调“但是”语气,可使用yet,still或nevertheless来表示“但是”、“依然”或“然而”之意。 Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. 虽然和她谈了半天,他还是不能让她信任自己。 (2) even if引导的让步状语从句 even if “即使,纵然”,从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。如: Even if it rains tomorrow,we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。 Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败,我也决不会放弃实验。 (3) even though引导的让步状语从句 even though“虽然,尽管”,从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和although/though换用。如: Even though I didn’t understand a word,I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂,我还是保持微笑。 Even though you say so,I do not believe it. 即使你这样说,我也不信。 (4) much as引导的让步状语从句 much as“虽然,尽管”,通常可以和although/though换用: Much as I’d like to,I can’t come. 我虽然很想来,但是来不了。 Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。 (5) while引导的让步状语从句 while“虽然,尽管”,多用于正式文体,通常可换作although/though。如: While I understand your point of view,I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点,但不敢苟同。 While I sympathize,I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我很同情,但我确实帮不了什么忙。 (6) whatever/No matter what引导的让步状语从句 whatever和no matter what用法相同,都作“无论什么”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如: Whatever/No matter what he says,don’t go. 不管他说什么,你都不要走。 We are determined to fulfill the task,whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么了,我们决心完成任务。 (7) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句 whichever和no matter which用法相同,都作“无论哪个”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如: Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个,都有六个月的保修期。 Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purseBarbara was determined to find them. 不管这两个人是谁偷了她的钱包,芭芭拉决心找到他们。 (8) whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句 whoever和no matter who用法相同,都作“无论谁”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如: You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁,都不能进来。 Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话, 就说我现在正忙着呢。 (9) whereverno matter where引导的让步状语从句 wherever和no matter where用法相同,都作“无论在(或到)哪里”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如:Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m Right Here Waiting fo ryou. 无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。 (10) however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句 however和no matter how用法相同,都作“无论如何……”解,后者多用于非正式文体。 However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事,现在也无济于事了。 However high it may be,it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。 (11) whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句 whenever和no matter when用法相同,都作“无论何时”解,后者多用于非正式文体。如: Whenever I’m unhappy,he cheers me up. 每当我不高兴时,他就给我鼓劲儿。 (12)(no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句 whether...or和no matter whether...or用法相同,都作“不论……还是”解,后者的语气强一些。如: When It Rains or not, we’re playing football on Sunday. 无论下不下雨,我们星期天一定踢足球。 (13) as引导的让步状语从句 as在引导让步状语从句时作“虽然;尽管”和“即使”解,但是它不位于句首,在它前面的可以是形容词、名词、副词等。如: Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气,你却无法把它提起来。 Late as it was, they continued to study. 时间尽管不早了,他们仍继续学习。 状语从句 - 方式状语从句(1) as引导的方式状语从句 as在引导方式状语从句时意为“以……方式;如同……那样”,从句有时是省略句。如: Do as I say. 要照我说的做。 I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。 Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。 (2) as if/as though引导的方式状语从句 as if和as though的用法相同,都作“好像,仿佛”解。如: 二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。as if比as though更为常用。但也可用陈述语气,表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。如: They looked at me as if ‘as though I were mad. 他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。 They look as if/as though they know each other. 他们看来好像互相认识。 状语从句 - 比较状语从句(1) as...as 引导的比较状语从句 as...as表示同级比较,主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式,从句常常为省略句。如: We were as fortunate as them (they were) 我们和他们一样幸运。 I hope she will make as much progress as you (have done). 我希望她将取得和你同样的进步。 (2) not so/as...as 引导的比较状语从句 not so/as...as表示同级比较,主句中用形容词或副词的原级形式,从句常常为省略句。如: That’s not so/as simple as it sounds. 那件事情不像听起来那么简单。 (3) than引导的比较状语从句 than引导的比较状语从句表示同等比较,主句中用形容词或副词的比较级形式,从句常常为省略句。如: He has lived here longer than I(has lived). 他在这儿住的时间比我长。 They love the girl than(they love) him. 他们爱这个女孩而不爱他。 (4) the..., the...引导的比较状语从句 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 英语听得越多就越容易。 固定搭配:英语中的固定搭配主要是指英语中的习惯用法,如有固定用法的一些动词短语、介词短语、名词词组及形容词词组。例如:take part in (参加)& by accident (偶然地)&lucky dog (幸运儿) be interested in (对…感兴趣) 初中英语常见固定搭配:(一)加-ingenjoy / like doing sth 喜欢做----&&&& spend....(in) doing sth 在做---花费---&& try doing 试着做------&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& be busy doing sth 忙于做------finish doing sth 完成做----&&&&&&&&&&& look forward to + doing sth 期待做----(现在进行时)be doing 正在做---&&&&& Thank you for (doing) sth 为了--感谢你
(二)加-to decide to do sth 决定去做-----&&&&&&&&&&&&& ask (sb)to do 要求(某人)去做----&&&&&& It’s+adj +to do sth . 做---(怎么样)&&&&&&&& would like / want to do 想要做-----&&&& It takes sb sometime to do sth在做----花费----(三)加原形let / make sb do sth 让某人做某事&&& be going to / will do sth (一般将来时态)(四)加-to 或-ing意思不同forget doing 忘记做过了-----(已做)&&&& forget to do 忘记去做------(还没做)&&& remember doing记得做过了-----(已做)remember to do记得去做------(还没做)(五)加-to 或-ing意思相同begin / start to do sth = begin / start doing sth开始做------(六)A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意....的意见(想法);符合&&&& help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事)& listen to听...&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ..get to到达....&&&&&&& fall off (从......)掉下base on以....(为)根据&&&&& knock at /on敲(门、窗)&&&&&&&& laugh at嘲笑 learn.. from 向...学习&&&&& live on继续存在;靠...生活& look after照顾,照看look at看;观看&&&&&&&&&&& look for寻找&&&&&&&&&&&&& look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付& point at指示;指向&&&&&&&&&& point to指向....prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢&&&&&&&&&&& quarrel with (和某人)吵架regard...as ...把....当作....;当作&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& stop...from阻止.....做.....talk about说话;谈话;谈论&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& talk with与......交谈think about考虑&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& think of认为;想起B)动词+ 副词&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ask for请求;询问&&&&&&& carry on坚持下去;继续下去&&&&& cut down砍倒& clean up清除;收拾干净&& come down下来;落&&&& come along来;随同come in进来&&&&&&&&&&&& come on来吧;跟着来;赶快& come over过来;顺便来访&&&&&&&&&&& come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽)&&&&&& drop off放下(某物);下车&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& eat up吃光;吃完fall behind落在......后面;输给别人&&&&&&&&&&&& fall down跌倒;从......落下find out查出(真相)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& get back回来;取回get down下来;落下;把......取下来&&&&&&&&&&&&& get off下来;从......下来get on上(车)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& get up起床&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& give up放弃go on继续&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go out出去&&&&& go over过一遍;仔细检查grow up长大;成长&&&&&& hand in交上来&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& hurry up赶快hold on (口语)等一等;(打电话时)不挂断&&&&&&&&&&&&& look out留神;注意look over (仔细)检查&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& look up向上看;抬头看&& pass on传递;转移到....&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& pick up拾起;捡起put away放好;把....收起来&& put on穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;放(唱片等put down把(某物)放下来&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& put up挂起;举起run away流失;逃跑;逃走& rush out冲出去& set off出发;动身;启程send up发射;把......往上送&& shut down把......关上&&&&&& sit down坐下slow down减缓;减速&&&&&& take off脱掉(衣服)&&&&&&&&&& take out取出throw about乱丢;抛撒&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& trip over (被......)绊倒try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& try out试验;尝试turn down关小;调低&&&&&&&& turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等turn off关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)&&&&&&&&&&& turn over (使)翻过来wake up醒来&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& wear out把......穿旧;磨坏work out算出;制订出&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& write down写下....C) be + 形容词+ 介词&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& be angry with对(某人)发脾气&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &be interested in对......感兴趣& be able to能;会&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &be afraid of害怕be amazed at对......感到惊讶&&&&&&&&&&&& be excited about对......感到兴奋be filled with用......充满&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& be full of充满......的be good at =do well in在....方面做得好;善于&&&&&&&&&&&&& be late for迟到be made in在......生产或制造&&&&&&&&&&&& be made of由....组成;由....be pleased with对......感到满意&&&&&&&&&&&&&& be proud of以......自豪/高兴be used for用于D)动词+ 名词/ 代词&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& beg one′s pardon请原谅;对不起&&&&&&&&& do morning exercises做早操do one′s homework做作业&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& enjoy oneself =have a good time过得快乐;玩得愉快&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& give a concert开音乐会&&&&& go boating去划船&&&&&& go fishing去钓鱼go hiking去徒步旅行&&&&& go skating去滑冰&&&&& go shopping (去)买东西have a cold (患)感冒&&&& have a cough (患)咳嗽&& have a headache (患)头痛&& have a try尝试;努力&&&& have a look看一看&&&&&&&&& have a rest休息& have a seat (= take a seat ) 就坐;坐下&&&&&&&& have sports进行体育活动&& have supper吃晚餐&&& hear of听说&&& hold a sports meeting举行运动会make a decision作出决定&& make a mistake犯错误&& make a noise吵闹make faces做鬼脸&&&&&& make friends交朋友&&&&&&& make money赚钱take one′s place坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& teach oneself (=learn by oneself ) 自学&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& watch TV看电视& take photos照相&&&&&&& take time花费(时间)&&&&&&&&& take turns轮流E)动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& catch up with赶上&&&&&&&&&&& come up with找到;提出(答案、解决办法等) get on well with与......相处融洽&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& give birth to生(孩子)& help yourself / yourselves to自取;随便吃&&& make room for给.....腾出地方play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧&&&&&&&&&&&&&& speak highly of称赞&&& say good bye to告别;告辞&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& take an active part in积极参加 take care of照顾;照料;注意F)其他类型&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& be awake醒着的&&&&&&&&&& be born出生&&&&&&&&& be busy doing忙着做come true实现&&&&& do one′s best尽最大努力&&&&& fall asleep睡觉;入睡&& go home回家&&&& go on doing (sth.)继续做某事;尽力&&& get married结婚 get together相聚&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& go straight along& 沿着...一直往前走had better (do)最好(做...)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& keep doing sth.一直做某事&&&&&&&& make sure确保;确认;查明&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& make up one′s mind下决心疑问词组:即使由疑问词和一些词一起构成的表示疑问的词组。由how/what与另外一个词组成的词组。例如:how many (后接可数名词,多少), how much (后接不可数名词,多少),&how often (表示频率), what if (如果…将会怎么样),&what about (…怎么样), what time (几点) 与how搭配的疑问词组:How在英语中通常用作副词,是特殊疑问句中本领最大的疑问词。他与其它形容词或副词搭配组成疑问词组1.How old问年龄、年代。How old is your friend? 你朋友多大了?How old is the bridge? 这座桥有多少年代了?2.How many问可数名词数量。常将可数名词复数紧随其后。如:How many pictures are there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅画?How many glasses of milk would you like? 你们想要几杯牛奶?3.How much询问不可数名词的数量、物品的价格。How much money is there in the purse? 钱包里有多少钱?How much are the apples at the moment? 目前苹果什么价钱?4.How long提问物体的长度、时间的长短。How long is the Changjia River? 长江有多长?How long does it take you to do your homework every day?你每天花多长时间做作业?5.How soon 对 “in+一段时间 ”提问, 表示“多久之后”。How soon will you be back? 你多久后回来?6.How often对表示频率的副词或短语提问。How often does Mrs. Green go shopping? 格林夫人多久去购一次物?7.How about用来征求对方意见。Your father is a worker, how about your mother? 你父亲是工人,你母亲呢?How about playing games after school this afternoon? 下午放学后做游戏怎么样?8.How far 问两地间的距离How tall问人(树)的高度;how heavy问重量;how wide问宽;how high可以询问建筑物、山峰高度。How far is it from the earth to the moon? 从地球到月球有多远?How tall is Yao Ming? 姚明身高多少?How heavy is that big box? 那只大箱子有多重?How wide is the new street? 这条新街有多宽?How high is the tower in Paris? 巴黎的那座塔有多高?与what搭配的疑问词组:
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